<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en-GB">
	<id>https://ltrc.sciwiki.in/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8</id>
	<title>कोशिका संवर्धन - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://ltrc.sciwiki.in/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ltrc.sciwiki.in/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-10-13T14:03:48Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.9</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ltrc.sciwiki.in/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8&amp;diff=4267&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Aditya N Dwivedi: अंग्रेज़ी विकिपीडिया के “Cell culture” लेख का हिंदी अनुवाद</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ltrc.sciwiki.in/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8&amp;diff=4267&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-10-09T08:34:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;अंग्रेज़ी विकिपीडिया के “Cell culture” लेख का हिंदी अनुवाद&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;Taylor_2014&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(2014). &amp;quot;Viruses and Man: A History of Interactions&amp;quot;. 41–52. Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-07757-4. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07758-1_3 10.1007/978-3-319-07758-1_3].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Harris&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(October 2012). &amp;quot;Characterizing the mechanics of cultured cell monolayers&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 109 (41) 16449–16454. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213301109 10.1073/pnas.1213301109].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NIHtimeline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26851/table/A1516/ Some landmarks in the development of tissue and cell culture].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Bioengineering/CellCulture/index.htm Cell Culture].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;whonamedit&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/2119.html Whonamedit - Ringer&amp;#039;s solution]. whonamedit.com.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(1913). &amp;quot;Studies on the Cultivation of the Virus of Vaccinia&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Journal of Infectious Diseases&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 13 (2) 294–300. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/13.2.294 10.1093/infdis/13.2.294].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2009). [https://www.ted.com/talks/anthony_atala_growing_new_organs Growing new organs]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;TEDMED&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Zurlow&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://caat.jhsph.edu/pubs/animal_alts/appendix_c.htm Animals and alternatives in testing].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(February 2006). &amp;quot;Working together to respond to the challenges of EU policy to replace animal testing&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Alternatives to Laboratory Animals&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 34 (1) 11–18. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1177/026119290603400116 10.1177/026119290603400116].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Schiff&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(February 2002). [http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_02/old_yale.html An unsung hero of medical research]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Yale Alumni Magazine]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(June 1936). &amp;quot;Plant Tissue Cultures from a Hormone Point of View&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 22 (6) 426–430. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.22.6.426 10.1073/pnas.22.6.426].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Haberlandt, G. (1902) Kulturversuche mit isolierten Pflanzenzellen. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. J. 111, 69–92.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(October 1934). &amp;quot;Gottlieb Haberlandt&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plant Physiology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 9 (4) 850–855. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.9.4.850 10.1104/pp.9.4.850].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/book/978-3-211-83839-6 Plant Tissue Culture]. 100 years since Gottlieb Haberlandt. Laimer, Margit; Rücker, Waltraud (Eds.) 2003. Springer 978-3-211-83839-6&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Carrel-1911&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(March 1911). &amp;quot;Cultivation of Tissues in Vitro and ITS Technique&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Journal of Experimental Medicine&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 13 (3) 387–396. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.13.3.387 10.1084/jem.13.3.387].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;Taylor_2014&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2013-12-01). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tl3dBwAAQBAJ Tissue Culture Techniques: An Introduction]. 29–30. Springer Science &amp;amp; Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4612-0247-9.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;Simon_1988&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(1988). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317053872 Phase I Final Report: Fibrous Substrates for Cell Culture (R3RR03544A)]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ResearchGate&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Urry, L. A., Campbell, N. A., Cain, M. L., Reece, J. B., Wasserman, S. (2007). Biology. United Kingdom: Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company. p. 860&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(September 2015). &amp;quot;Methods for isolating atrial cells from large mammals and humans&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 86 187–198. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.006 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.006].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(September 2011). &amp;quot;Methods in cardiomyocyte isolation, culture, and gene transfer&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 51 (3) 288–298. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.012 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.012].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(21 September 2019). &amp;quot;Outgrowth, proliferation, viability, angiogenesis and phenotype of primary human endothelial cells in different purchasable endothelial culture media: feed wisely.&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Histochemistry and Cell Biology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 152 (5) 377–390. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-019-01815-2 10.1007/s00418-019-01815-2].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hemeda, H., Giebel, B., Wagner, W. (16Feb2014) Evaluation of human platelet lysate versus fetal bovine serum for culture of mesenchymal stromal cells Cytotherapy pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;170–180 issue 2 doi.10.1016&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;bovalco&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.bovalco.com/blog/post/view/9 Post - Blog &amp;amp;#124; Boval BioSolutions, LLC]. bovalco.com.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2006). [http://www.selbornebiological.com/products/lipimax.htm LipiMAX purified lipoprotein solution from bovine serum]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Selborne Biological Services&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(April 2010). &amp;quot;Cell plating density alters the ratio of estrogenic to progestagenic enzyme gene expression in cultured granulosa cells&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fertility and Sterility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 93 (6) 2050–2055. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.151 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.151].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Jaccard&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(October 2014). &amp;quot;Automated and online characterization of adherent cell culture growth in a microfabricated bioreactor&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Laboratory Automation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 19 (5) 437–443. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1177/2211068214529288 10.1177/2211068214529288].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(October 2015). &amp;quot;Organotypic brain slice cultures: A review&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Neuroscience&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 305 86–98. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.086 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.086].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Neimark&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(February 2015). &amp;quot;Line of attack&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 347 (6225) 938–940. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.347.6225.938 10.1126/science.347.6225.938].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(October 1999). &amp;quot;False human hematopoietic cell lines: cross-contaminations and misinterpretations&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Leukemia&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 13 (10) 1601–1607. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2401510 10.1038/sj.leu.2401510].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(December 2001). &amp;quot;Cross-contamination: HS-Sultan is not a myeloma but a Burkitt lymphoma cell line&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Blood&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 98 (12) 3495–3496. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V98.12.3495 10.1182/blood.V98.12.3495].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(June 2006). &amp;quot;Identity tests: determination of cell line cross-contamination&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cytotechnology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 51 (2) 45–50. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-006-9013-8 10.1007/s10616-006-9013-8].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=chatterjee&amp;gt;(February 2007). &amp;quot;Cell biology. Cases of mistaken identity&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 315 (5814) 928–931. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.315.5814.928 10.1126/science.315.5814.928].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(January 2007). &amp;quot;A case study in misidentification of cancer cell lines: MCF-7/AdrR cells (re-designated NCI/ADR-RES) are derived from OVCAR-8 human ovarian carcinoma cells&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cancer Letters&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 245 (1–2) 350–352. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2006.01.013 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.01.013].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=chatterjee/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=macleod&amp;gt;(November 1999). &amp;quot;Widespread intraspecies cross-contamination of human tumor cell lines arising at source&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;International Journal of Cancer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 83 (4) 555–563. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991112)83:4&amp;lt;555::AID-IJC19&amp;gt;3.0.CO;2-2 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991112)83:4&amp;lt;555::AID-IJC19&amp;gt;3.0.CO;2-2].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(April 2002). &amp;quot;HeLa cells 50 years on: the good, the bad and the ugly&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nature Reviews. Cancer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 2 (4) 315–319. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc775 10.1038/nrc775].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=dunham&amp;gt;(2008). [http://www.promega.com/cnotes/cn022/cn022_15.pdf Doing good science: Authenticating cell line identity]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cell Notes&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 22 15–17.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=dunham/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brendan P. Lucey, Walter A. Nelson-Rees, Grover M. Hutchins; Henrietta Lacks, HeLa Cells, and Cell Culture Contamination. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1 September 2009; 133 (9): 1463–1467. doi: https://doi.org/10.5858/133.9.1463&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2012). &amp;quot;Genetic and epigenetic instability in human pluripotent stem cells&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Human Reproduction Update&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 19 (2) 187–205. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dms048 10.1093/humupd/dms048].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MindYourMedia&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(December 2020). &amp;quot;Mind your media&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nature Metabolism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 2 (12) 1369–1372. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-00299-y 10.1038/s42255-020-00299-y].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pmid31039782&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(April 2019). &amp;quot;Inferring cancer dependencies on metabolic genes from large-scale genetic screens&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;BMC Biology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 17 (1). doi:[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-019-0654-4 10.1186/s12915-019-0654-4].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MindYourMedia&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pmid30613774&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(January 2019). &amp;quot;Improving the metabolic fidelity of cancer models with a physiological cell culture medium&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science Advances&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 5 (1). doi:[https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7314 10.1126/sciadv.aau7314].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pmid28388410&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(April 2017). &amp;quot;Physiologic Medium Rewires Cellular Metabolism and Reveals Uric Acid as an Endogenous Inhibitor of UMP Synthase&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 169 (2) 258–272.e17. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.023 10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.023].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://online.ceb.com/calcases/C3/51C3d120.htm Moore v. Regents of University of California (1990) 51 C3d 120]. Online.ceb.com.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=Hayflick&amp;gt;(September 1998). &amp;quot;A brief history of the mortality and immortality of cultured cells&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Keio Journal of Medicine&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 47 (3) 174–182. doi:[https://doi.org/10.2302/kjm.47.174 10.2302/kjm.47.174].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=Worthington&amp;gt;[http://www.worthington-biochem.com/tissuedissociation/glossary.html Worthington tissue guide].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pmid14643607&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(2004). &amp;quot;Improving the expansion and neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through culture surface modification&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biomaterials&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 25 (7–8) 1331–1337. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.08.013 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.08.013].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pmid27190588&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(May 2016). &amp;quot;Therapeutics from Adult Stem Cells and the Hype Curve&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 7 (5) 441–443. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00125 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00125].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2022-11-01). &amp;quot;Expression of mammalian proteins for diagnostics and therapeutics: a review&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Molecular Biology Reports&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 49 (11) 10593–10608. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07651-3 10.1007/s11033-022-07651-3].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceA&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(November 2017). &amp;quot;Cell migration analysis: A low-cost laboratory experiment for cell and developmental biology courses using keratocytes from fish scales&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 45 (6) 475–482. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1002/bmb.21071 10.1002/bmb.21071].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(November 2005). &amp;quot;Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 310 (5751) 1139–1143. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116995 10.1126/science.1116995].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(August 2010). &amp;quot;Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 329 (5995) 1078–1081. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191035 10.1126/science.1191035].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(December 2010). &amp;quot;Soft substrates promote homogeneous self-renewal of embryonic stem cells via downregulating cell-matrix tractions&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;PLOS One&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 5 (12). doi:[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015655 10.1371/journal.pone.0015655].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(August 2006). &amp;quot;Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 126 (4) 677–689. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(September 2005). &amp;quot;Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cancer Cell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 8 (3) 241–254. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2005.08.010 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.08.010].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(November 2009). &amp;quot;Matrix crosslinking forces tumor progression by enhancing integrin signaling&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 139 (5) 891–906. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.027 10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.027].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(September 2010). &amp;quot;Matrix rigidity regulates cancer cell growth and cellular phenotype&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;PLOS One&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 5 (9). doi:[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012905 10.1371/journal.pone.0012905].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(August 2010). &amp;quot;Feedback amplification of fibrosis through matrix stiffening and COX-2 suppression&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Journal of Cell Biology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 190 (4) 693–706. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201004082 10.1083/jcb.201004082].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(December 2007). &amp;quot;Myofibroblast contraction activates latent TGF-beta1 from the extracellular matrix&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Journal of Cell Biology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 179 (6) 1311–1323. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200704042 10.1083/jcb.200704042].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(December 2007). &amp;quot;Increased stiffness of the rat liver precedes matrix deposition: implications for fibrosis&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 293 (6) G1147–G1154. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00032.2007 10.1152/ajpgi.00032.2007].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(May 2008). &amp;quot;Functional modulation of ES-derived hepatocyte lineage cells via substrate compliance alteration&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Annals of Biomedical Engineering&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 36 (5) 865–876. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-008-9458-3 10.1007/s10439-008-9458-3].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(February 2005). &amp;quot;Engineering hepatocellular morphogenesis and function via ligand-presenting hydrogels with graded mechanical compliance&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biotechnology and Bioengineering&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 89 (3) 296–307. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20328 10.1002/bit.20328].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(January 2009). &amp;quot;Mechanically activated integrin switch controls alpha5beta1 function&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 323 (5914) 642–644. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1168441 10.1126/science.1168441].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(December 2008). &amp;quot;Traction dynamics of filopodia on compliant substrates&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 322 (5908) 1687–1691. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1163595 10.1126/science.1163595].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(June 2011). &amp;quot;Role of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nature&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 474 (7350) 179–183. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10137 10.1038/nature10137].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.nature.com/drugdisc/news/articles/424870a.html drug discovery@nature.com]. Nature.com.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2011). &amp;quot;Epithelial cell coculture models for studying infectious diseases: benefits and limitations&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Biomedicine &amp;amp; Biotechnology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 2011. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/852419 10.1155/2011/852419].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(November 2010). &amp;quot;Organotypic 3D cell culture models: using the rotating wall vessel to study host-pathogen interactions&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nature Reviews. Microbiology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 8 (11) 791–801. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2423 10.1038/nrmicro2423].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(June 2020). &amp;quot;Three-dimensional tumor models: Promoting breakthroughs in nanotheranostics translational research&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Applied Materials Today&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 19. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2019.100552 10.1016/j.apmt.2019.100552].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2019). &amp;quot;Photothermal effect by NIR-responsive excretable ultrasmall-in-nano architectures&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Materials Horizons&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 6 (3) 531–537. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1039/C9MH00096H 10.1039/C9MH00096H].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pmid24831787&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(May 2014). &amp;quot;Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Assay and Drug Development Technologies&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 12 (4) 207–218. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1089/adt.2014.573 10.1089/adt.2014.573].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pmid22776290&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(December 2012). &amp;quot;Nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel promotes three-dimensional liver cell culture&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Controlled Release&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 164 (3) 291–298. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.039 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.039].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(February 2010). &amp;quot;Nanotechnology in fertilizers&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nature Nanotechnology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 5 (2) 91. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.2 10.1038/nnano.2010.2].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(May 2012). &amp;quot;384 hanging drop arrays give excellent Z-factors and allow versatile formation of co-culture spheroids&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biotechnology and Bioengineering&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 109 (5) 1293–1304. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24399 10.1002/bit.24399].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(September 2018). &amp;quot;Endogenously Triggerable Ultrasmall-in-Nano Architectures: Targeting Assessment on 3D Pancreatic Carcinoma Spheroids&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ACS Omega&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 3 (9) 11796–11801. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b01719 10.1021/acsomega.8b01719].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(April 2021). &amp;quot;The transcriptional landscape of a hepatoma cell line grown on scaffolds of extracellular matrix proteins&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;BMC Genomics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 22 (1). doi:[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07532-2 10.1186/s12864-021-07532-2].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(February 2020). &amp;quot;Comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models for cell growth, gene expression and drug resistance&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Materials Science &amp;amp; Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 107. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110264 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110264].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(November 2021). &amp;quot;3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;International Journal of Molecular Sciences&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 22 (22). doi:[https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212200 10.3390/ijms222212200].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name = &amp;quot;Simon_1988&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pmid19472329&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(July 2009). &amp;quot;Hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics for 3D cell culture&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biotechnology and Bioengineering&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 103 (4) 655–663. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22361 10.1002/bit.22361].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=quickie&amp;gt;(2006-01-26). [https://www.wired.com/news/wireservice/0,70102-0.html?tw=wn_index_7 Quickie Bird Flu Vaccine Created]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Wired&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(February 2006). &amp;quot;Protection of mice and poultry from lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus through adenovirus-based immunization&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Virology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 80 (4) 1959–1964. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.80.4.1959-1964.2006 10.1128/JVI.80.4.1959-1964.2006].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2004-08-17). [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2004/pages/h9n2.aspx NIAID Taps Chiron to Develop Vaccine Against H9N2 Avian Influenza]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Carrel-1911&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(September 2012). &amp;quot;The advantages of co-culture over mono cell culture in simulating in vivo environment&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 131 (3–5) 68–75. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.12.004 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.12.004].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2014-02-03). &amp;quot;Advances in tissue engineering through stem cell-based co-culture&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 9 (5) 488–503. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1002/term.1870 10.1002/term.1870].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(March 2006). [https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd1985 Lab-on-a-chip: microfluidics in drug discovery]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nature Reviews Drug Discovery&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 5 (3) 210–218. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1985 10.1038/nrd1985].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2020). [https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/tb/d0tb00718h From cells-on-a-chip to organs-on-a-chip: scaffolding materials for 3D cell culture in microfluidics]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Materials Chemistry B&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 8 (31) 6667–6685. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB00718H 10.1039/D0TB00718H].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2020-02-12). &amp;quot;Organ-on-a-chip: recent breakthroughs and future prospects&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;BioMedical Engineering OnLine&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 19 (1) 9. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-020-0752-0 10.1186/s12938-020-0752-0].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2022-05-12). &amp;quot;A guide to the organ-on-a-chip&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Nature Reviews Methods Primers]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 2 (1) 1–29. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00118-6 10.1038/s43586-022-00118-6].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(February 2021). &amp;quot;Organ-on-a-Chip: A New Paradigm for Drug Development&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Trends in Pharmacological Sciences&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 42 (2) 119–133. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.009 10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.009].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(August 2014). &amp;quot;Collective cell migration of primary zebrafish keratocytes&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Experimental Cell Research&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 326 (1) 155–165. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.011 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.011].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceA&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(November 1997). [https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/xw42nh90z The composition and dynamics of cell-substratum adhesions in locomoting fish keratocytes]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Cell Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 110 (22) 2833–2844. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.22.2833 10.1242/jcs.110.22.2833].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(2012). [https://zenodo.org/record/896333 Insect cells as factories for biomanufacturing]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biotechnology Advances&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 30 (5) 1140–1157. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.014 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.014].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Missingor&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(March 1987). &amp;quot;A single bone marrow-derived stromal cell type supports the in vitro growth of early lymphoid and myeloid cells&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 48 (6) 997–1007. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(87)90708-2 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90708-2].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Missingor_a&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(February 1993). &amp;quot;Establishment and characterization of 7 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and one granulosa tumor cell line: growth features and cytogenetics&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;International Journal of Cancer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 53 (4) 613–620. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910530415 10.1002/ijc.2910530415].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Lee2001&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(2001). &amp;quot;Establishment and characterization of a new human prostatic cancer cell line: DuCaP&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;In Vivo&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 15 (2) 157–162.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;(March 1998). &amp;quot;Promiscuous T-cell recognition of a rubella capsid protein epitope restricted by DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0901 molecules sharing an HLA DR supertype&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Human Immunology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 59 (3) 149–157. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-8859(98)00006-8 10.1016/S0198-8859(98)00006-8].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;स्रोत:&amp;#039;&amp;#039; अंग्रेज़ी विकिपीडिया के “Cell culture” लेख का अनुवाद।&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;मूल लेख:&amp;#039;&amp;#039; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;यह अनुवाद स्वचालित रूप से तैयार किया गया है।&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Aditya N Dwivedi</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>